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A paper on the parasite found in Southwestern Nova Scotia on the young of the year Brook trout has just come out. It can be found at :
Proceedings of the
Nova Scotian Institute of Science
Volume 51, Part 2 • 2021 pg 347
ISSN 0078-2521 pg 347
A paper on the parasite found in Southwestern Nova Scotia on the young of the year Brook trout has just come out. It can be found at :
Proceedings of the
Nova Scotian Institute of Science
Volume 51, Part 2 • 2021
ISSN 0078-2521 pg 347
Research on Climate change is underway, Parasite Atlas is getting filled in, stress protein on fish is getting done and fish populations. If it is not posted on Facebook, it does not mean that we are not working on it. That's why there is a phone number and an e-mail.
why there is a phone number and an e-mail.
A Firefly, a small 4-seater which is very easy on gas which passes anywhere.. That what I Google but I ended up looking at beetles flying around emitting light. When we were young, we chased then around trying to catch one, but we never did. In Nova Scotia there are approximately 67 specimens of fireflies. They are beetles which are mostly in your garden. When its times to reproduce they fly around emitting light pulses to find a mate. The number of pulses and the length of the pulse can describe the species. I was always curious about these light house flies flying around in the summer. More information about fireflies in Nova Scotia can be found at this websitehttp://www.acadianes.org/journal/papers/majka_11-13.pdf
Spawning Atlantic Salmon from Salmon River, Digby County, for DFO Enhancement Project. These enhancement projects were cancelled due to the poor returns due to acidic river water and very low sea survival. In Salmon River, 70% of the population was from the hatchery program and 30% from wild stocks. These ratios were seen throughout the rivers in Southwester Nova Scotia. In the second picture we were releasing the spawned salmon in Salmon River. We have done a lot of work on Salmon River.
Mutations can be seen in the root tips of onions in the picture below. Here the water sample had a high concentration of aluminum. Electrofishing assessments shown no fish and few frogs in the system and had a pH of less than 4. M1 is the fused chromosomes in telophase, M2 is the late sticky chromosomes in the metaphase stage, M3 telophase abnormalities and M4 is the formation of a micro-nuclei. One can conclude that aluminum at this concentration does have toxicity that effect reproduction.
A biology project will soon be underway with the grade 11 biology class at Ecole Secondaire de Clare in assessments of water quality toxins in relation to mitosis abnormalities. Metaphase chromosomes are chromosomes with the most condensed chromatin and can be therefore studied with an optical microscope. The migration of the chromosome at the metaphase to the midline must be inhibited so the chromosomes can be measured and mutations counted (Pic 1). There are special inhibiters to stop this process. The chromosome will then be measure and identified using the centromere index (Pic 2). Black arrow heads show mutations
Karyotype is a test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in sample cells. We use onion to evaluate the toxicity of water samples where we think that chemical could be involved. This is way cheaper than laboratory water analysis and can give you a good ideal of water quality. The picture below shows the eight pair of chromosomes found in onions. The chromosome in the cell has been identified from the 8 chromosomes pair. This makes the project very interesting and educational. This would be an excellent project for biology students. The Allium root tip CA assays were
adopted by the International Program on Plant Bioassays (IPPB) for monitoring or testing environmental pollutants (Ma 1999; Ma et al. 2005).
I wondered how Covid-19 effected the body but found a chart which explains what happens to you if you get infected. Go take a look!
The beloved Onion, which I used almost every time I cook, is one of the most suitable plants for detecting the effects of different types of substances that are foreign to the body. Several tests enable the assessment of different genetic endpoints making possible damage to the DNA of humans to be predicted. Onions are used to evaluate different types of new medicines, toxicity of chemicals in water and the effect of cell division of mitosis. The ratio of abnormalities of cell division or mutations (cell abnormalities) are counted to determine the toxicity. In the picture, a chromosome (circle) has not attached to the midline at metaphase and one daughter cell will be missing that chromosome. The mutated onion cell will possibly die but if it survives it will keep reproducing its mutation. Hope to do a biology project on this with the grade 10 biology students
Salmincola edwardsii, is an ectoparasite which lives on the outside of the fish. Damage from parasite infection of host body surfaces is believed to be mostly mechanical, although swimming impairment has been observed. However, in heavy infections as seen here, gill infections may reduce the efficiency of oxygen uptake and they may re**rd growth, reduce egg development, limit reproductive success, delay sexual maturity, and reduce tolerance to environmental stressors including warm summer temperatures. All 12-to-13-inch trout taken from this system were all heavily infected
Histology is the study of tissues and cells under a microscope but can also be used to identify organs and organ formation. Hematolylin and Eosin (H & E stain) is commonly used for histology but special stains can also be used for specific staining. Different stain are used for plants, bacteria and viruses. In the pictures below, it shows the what the specimen looked like at the start and the end product where the organs can be easily identified. This is an acanth identified as E. lateralis.
Individuals hatched in summer generally grow more rapidly than those hatched in winter due to the warmer temperature of the water. The lifespan of a typical specimen is normally less than one year. The diet of the longfin inshore squid changes with size; small immature individuals feed on planktonic organisms while larger individuals feed on crustaceans and small fish. Squid are able to use special pigment cells in their skin (called chromatophores) to change their color and patterns to escape predators or disguise themselves from prey
The squid embryo is now at the eyed stage and the yolk sac has diminished is size. The special pigment cells in their skin or chromatophores has started to form (black dots in pic).
Early formation of a squid egg. The mantel is being formed but the eyes has not fully developed yet. The oval blob is the yolk sac where the food is stored and organs will develop.
Inshore long fin squid are enclosed in a gelatinous capsule containing up to 200 eggs. Each female lays 20-30 capsules. Fecundity ranges from 950–15,900 eggs per female. Laid in masses, these masses are made up of hundreds of egg capsules from different females
Microglia are a type of neuroglia (glial cell) located throughout the brain and spinal cord. Microglia account for 10–15% of all cells found within the brain. As the resident macrophage cells, they act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system. Microglia are club shape structures found in the fibrous pathway in the picture. This is the same stained brain with the Cryptocotyle lingua infection
While Cryptocotyle lingua can not only infect the gills, they can also infect the organs and brain. They do this by dissolving the tissue to create a tunnel type path. In this picture, three parasites has migrated to the brain. The blue arrow are the cercaria (mobile stage) and the brown arrow is the metacercaria stage where the curl and remains stationary. The infections in the brain will have a negative effect on the fish. I caught this fish with my hand while it was swimming in the ocean. Something that usually cannot be done. The brain was stained with H and E stain. The green arrow is the nerve tissue
The parasite, Cryptocotyle lingua, a parasite found in the Common Periwinkle swims out of the periwinkle and embeds into the gills of a small fish. It makes it his home hoping that a fish eating bird eat the fish to finish its lifecycle.
This is s parasite know as Gyrodactylus salaris found on the body of brook trout. At the mid section, 2 gyros are developing and the mother will give birth to twins which each juvenile will give birth to two others. At low numbers the pathology is minimal but at high numbers, infections will follow. They can also be found on marine fish and Atlantic salmon.
How big and lethal is a virus, John Hopkins University has a chart and compares some of the most dangerous viruses that infected humans. Interesting
No water in this section which was caused by sediment from above going downstream and raising the the streambed. That why there is no water in that section. The problem was solved.
Stream Restoration last summer. Before and and after. These structures must be placed at the correct distance and correct height. If not they won't be there next spring.
More info shortly
more info will be downloader shor
More info will be downloader sho
Larval black flies are easily identifiable, aggregating in highly oxygenated, unpolluted, flowing freshwater habitats, and forming a large portion of the benthic community. The Black flies are infected by Mermithid larvae which penetrates through the abdominal wall and becomes a nematode. The most nematode that I counted in one Black fly was four.
Sarcoma spindle cell tumor type cancer found in a fish. This is the center of the tumor. Note the Legs in the upper right corner and alignment of the cells
Blood supply is rare in these types of tumors but one was found. You can easily see the blood cells in the vain
These are known as thorny worms found in the stomach and intestine of fish and reptiles. This is the species known as Echinorhynchus gadi found in a fish last week. Seven were found in this fish. They do not infect humans but could infect your cat if he eats the stomach and intestine.
Octomacrum sp found on white suckers along the gills and body.
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