12/02/2020
In honor of black history month, we are continuing to highlight some of the fantastic black artists and people who have influenced us, and the world. Today, we honor and reflect on the legacy of jazz legend Cab Calloway, one of history’s great dynamos of music and dance.
Cabell Calloway III was born Christmas Day 1907, in Rochester, New York. From the age of 15, he was already taking private singing lessons to nurture a fervent love of music. This dedication and training continued throughout his schooling, and it wasn’t long before he was beginning to perform. Despite his parents’ disapproval for jazz music, he was ever the rebel, continuing to perform in Baltimore nightclubs. It was here that he was mentored by old timers, and his love of the up and coming jazz scene was galvanized.
Calloway’s family wanted him to become a lawyer, like his father. But that was far too suffocating for the young firecracker musician, and shortly after graduating in 1925 he followed his ambition to be a big band leader, siting his older sister, a bandleader before him, as an influential inspiration towards this career.
In 1930, Calloway struck his first major break into the industry when his band “The Missourians” (thankfully renamed Cab Calloway and his Orchestra not long after), was hired by Harlem’s famous Cotton Club as a substitute for Duke Ellington and his Orchestra. The band’s fresh take on big band jazz sound was so instantly popular, that the owners decided to have Ellington share the house band position with Cab. From there, his career swelled. His position at the Cotton Club led to him being broadcasted twice a week on NBC Radio, and he would soon become the first black person to have a nationally syndicated radio show.
In 1931, he recorded his most famous piece, “Minnie the Moocher”, a song about the gritty reality of the New York jazz scene, about a burlesque performer who gets hooked on morphine when she falls for a mobster named Smokey. These two archetypal characters would reappear in innumerable songs by Calloway, forming a loose story line, and the famous call-and-repeat vocals in the bridge earned him his lifelong moniker, “The Hi De Ho Man”.
This song, with its dynamic new take on s**t, became wildly popular, and Calloway again broke ground for his race when he became the first black person to sell one million copies of a single on vinyl. This popularity and recognition led quickly to Calloway breaking into the ever expanding film industry, scoring and appearing in several live action films, some about his life, and some about his characters (Minnie and Smokey). However he is probably best known, in film circles, for his work with the great Fleischer Studios’ early animation films. Not only did his music make appearances on the films, but his iconic, animated style of dance was something audiences had never seen before, and he was used as the basis of reference for how several characters danced and moved in the cartoons he collaborated with. These dance scenes (such as in Snow White, to St James Infirmary Blues) are some of the most recognized and iconic pieces of animation in history, and are so clearly influenced by him that they sit amongst his music when discussing his career and legacy. His film career continued all the way up to 1980, when he made a cameo in the cult classic “Blues Brothers”, performing “Minnie the Moocher”.
Calloway passed away in June of 1994, leaving behind a wealth of a body of work, and having influenced music and culture indelibly. His form of dance, song and his stage presence have inspired scores of performers including many in the field of hip hop, punk rock, and pop, one of the most recognized being Michael Jackson, whose moonwalk was inspired by Calloway’s famous backwards-gliding dance. In fact, The Whoopee Club’s own host, Charlie Champagne, regards Calloway as his single biggest inspiration as a performer. He was recognized liberally towards the end of his life, including, but not limited to, induction into the Jazz Hall of Fame, the National Medal of Arts winner, a school of the arts being dedicated in his name, and after he passed he was awarded a grammy hall of fame award for “Minnie the Moocher”, and later, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement award in 2008.
Cab Calloway was clearly an artist who not only influenced music and pop culture as a whole by his accomplishments, but broke ground for black people in the entertainment industry, demanding the respect of audiences worldwide. We raise a glass to you, Cab, wherever you are. Thank you for everything you brought to this world, and for being a strong black man we can all look up to. Take time this month to think about what black individuals have influenced you, famous or not, and open the conversation in your friend groups or social media to the subject of civil rights. Equality is an ongoing pursuit, but together, it can be achieved!