15/09/2023
GUIDE TO FLOUR
Soft white flour is ground only from the endosperm of the degerminated wheat berry, and its texture is like bath powder. Because it contains neither the bran nor the germ of the berry, it has less fiber than whole wheat flour. Unbleached white flour has no additives, while certain chemicals are added to bleached flour to give it a lighter color. Soft white flour is used primarily for biscuits, pie crusts, cakes, and other delicate baked goods. Beaten biscuits - a Kentucky specialty - can only be made from soft wheat flour.
Hard white flour is milled from a spring or winter wheat that is higher in protein than that used for soft wheat flour. It is used by professional bread bakers because its strong gluten structure helps produce a lighter, more porous texture. Hard wheat flour is more granular or gritty than soft white flour, and it usually absorbs more liquid.
All purpose white flour is a blend of soft and hard wheat flours. It can be used for all types of baking.
Whole wheat or graham flour is made of the entire wheat berry, including the bran, endosperm and germ. Because it has less gluten than white flour, it produces a bread that's dense and compact. To increase the bread's volume, most recipes also add some white flour. Because the germ contains more oil than the rest of the berry, whole wheat flour spoils more quickly than other flours, especially when stored in warm or humid areas. To prevent spoilage, simply store it in a tightly sealed container in the refrigerator or freezer.
Soft whole wheat flour is used for pie crust, rolls and delicate baked goods. Hard whole wheat flour is used for breads.
High gluten flour is a hard wheat flour milled from a very high protein spring wheat. It's used primarily for French and other crusty breads.
Self-rising flour is an all purpose flour which comes from the mill with leavening and salt already added. One cup of self-rising flour (or self-rising cornmeal) contains the equivalent of 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon salt.
Rye flour is milled from the rye plant. Because rye gluten lacks elasticity, it is usually combined with wheat flour to produce a satisfactory product.
Pumpernickel rye is a coarse flour, similar to whole wheat. It is sometimes called rye meal.
Pure wheat gluten is a product obtained by chemically removing all the starch from white flour. It's about 75 percent protein. To make gluten flour, mix about three parts white flour to about two parts gluten.
Cornmeal is made from either white or yellow corn. Although the white meal is preferred in the south and southeastern parts of the country, the nutritive value of both is approximately the same.
Unbolted cornmeal is a coarser, unsifted meal that contains bran.
Wheat berries are the unground kernels of wheat.
Wheat bran is the bran portion of the wheat berry, with the endosperm and germ removed.
Buckwheat is milled from buckwheat, which is not a grass, but an herb. Because it's grown in only a few parts of the United States, it's sometimes hard to find.
Soy flour is made from the soy bean after the oil has been removed. It is usually defatted, so it will keep better.
Potato flour is milled from dehydrated potatoes. It's usually added to wheat flour to increase moisture content.
Rice flour is milled from brown or white rice. It, too, increases moisture content when added to wheat flour.
Copied
Hope someone finds this helpful! 😊
Cake, small chops, snacks, catering and Decorations