27/09/2023
The Rosetta Stone is one of the most famous objects in the Museum – but what is it?
On the 201st anniversary of its decipherment, read on to discover how this ancient object sparked a modern rivalry that changed the world forever…
✏ The writing on the stone is a decree, saying that the priests of a temple in Memphis supported the king. The decree was copied on to large stone slabs called stelae, which were put in every temple in Egypt.
📜 The decree was written into three languages: Demotic (everyday script), Ancient Greek (the language of administration), and hieroglyphs (suitable for a priestly decree).
⛏ In 1799, the stone was discovered by Napolean’s soldiers while digging the foundations of an addition to a fort near the town of Rashid (Rosetta) in the Nile Delta. It had apparently been built into a very old wall.
🧪 The English physicist Thomas Young was one of the first to show that some of the hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone wrote the sounds of a royal name, that of Ptolemy.
💡 The French scholar Jean-François Champollion then realised that hieroglyphs recorded the sound of the Egyptian language. Together with his knowledge of the Coptic, he began reading the inscription fully.
🏆 Champollion made a breakthrough on 22 September 1822, exclaiming to his brother ‘Je tiens l'affaire!’ (‘I've got it!’). He then promptly collapsed from excitement.
✉ Finally, on 27 September 1822 Champollion presented his research to Paris’ Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, with his rival Thomas Young in the audience, and the rest is history!
🗝 Unlock everything you ever wanted to know about the Rosetta Stone over on our blog: https://ow.ly/Ujzs50PNQi2
🔎 The Rosetta Stone, from Rashid (Rosetta), Egypt, 196 BC. Read more: https://ow.ly/X5lZ50PIPF0