07/21/2022
WHEAT.
History of a cereal.
Wheat derivatives are the basis of the Mediterranean diet, especially bread and pasta, emblem of Italian cuisine. In living memory in Italy wheat products have been grown and eaten, without too many problems.
It seems that the progenitor of the current wheat was the triticum monococcum, a wheat with a small ear and with a very low gluten content, a relative of spelt.
From this we moved on to the triticum dicoccum with larger and therefore more profitable ears and then get to the two varieties of soft and durum wheat, the triticum durum, which give rise to the production of flour, bread and other derivatives, the first, and pasta, the second.
Farmers every year sowed their seeds, obtained from the previous harvest, but in the early fifties, they began to stock up on industrially produced seeds.
Wheat has always had among its fundamental constituents a toxic component, gluten, with reserve functions for germ growth.
Gluten is a colloidal substance, formed by two simple proteins, Gliadin and Glutein that give the seed a high degree of stickiness and promotes its aggregation and elasticity of the dough.
Gliadin is a plant protein rich in glutamine acid, which is particularly irritating to nerve cells.
Glutein is an alkali-soluble protein, but, when the pH of the intestine varies towards acid, it is no longer soluble and therefore not metabolizable and becomes a toxin.
The primitive wheat, the monococcus, in addition to containing a small amount of gluten, was equipped with a perfect balance of its components that prevented the toxicity of gluten from exerting a damaging action at the level of the tissues, as almost always happens in the products of nature, before the transformations induced by modern technology.
Until the 60s in Italy, especially in Puglia, the durum wheat usually cultivated was of the Cappelli variety, of excellent quality, but it was tall and easily bent towards the ground to the action of wind and rain with low productivity.
In 1974 a group of researchers from the CNEN (National Committee for Nuclear Energy) induced a genetic mutation in durum wheat called "Cappelli", exposing it to the gamma rays of a nuclear reactor to obtain a genetic mutation and, later, crossing it with an American variety. After the mutation, the wheat had become "dwarf", showing differences, in a positive way, in characters such as productivity and precocity in growth.
This new type of genetically mutated wheat, not GMO, but irradiated, was baptized "Creso" and, with it today is prepared about 90% of the pasta sold in Italy, all kinds of bread, desserts, pizzas, some cold cuts, capsules for drugs ...