11/10/2023
Speaking about the Religion without Knowledge!
قال الشيخ ابن عثيمين رحمه الله : "ومسالة الفتيا بغير علم مسألة خطيرة ، لأنه لا يضل بها المستفتي وحده ، بل ربما ينشرها المستفتي بين الناس ، ويضل بها فئام من الناس ، وهي خطأ وظلم ." فتاوی نور على الدرب : شريط رقم 127
Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen رحمه الله said: "The issue of giving fatwas without knowledge is a very serious matter, because it is not only the one who asks the question who may be led astray by that; rather the one who asked the question may spread it to other people, and thus many people may be led astray by it, and this is very wrong."
قال رسول الله صلى ال له عليه وسلم: من أفتي بغير علم كان إثمه على من أقتاه [روى أبو داود 3657 وحسنه الألباني].
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever is given a fatwa that is not based on knowledge, his sin is borne by the one who gave the fatwa." [Abu Dawood 3657, Classed hasan by al-Albaani]
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says,
وَلَا تَقُولُوا۟ لِمَا تَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُكُمُ ٱلْكَذِبَ هَٰذَا حَلَٰلٌ وَهَٰذَا حَرَامٌ لِّتَفْتَرُوا۟ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكَذِبَۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ
And say not concerning that which your tongues put forth falsely: "This is lawful and this is forbidden," so as to invent lies against Allâh. Verily, those who invent lies against Allâh will never prosper. [Surah An-Nahl, Ayah 116]
Shaykh As-Sa'di رحمه الله said about this verse: "That is, do not declare things to be prohibited or lawful of your own accord, fabricating lies against Allah and attributing to Him words that He never said."
It is said in al-Fatawa al-Lajnah ad-Daimah [277/2]: It is not permissible for anyone to discuss matters of shari'ah except scholars of shari'ah who are specialized and qualified to research and examine issues. It is not permissible for the media – newspapers, magazines, etc - to give space to those who are not scholars of shari'ah to discuss shar'i rulings and write about things that are not their specialty, so that the Muslims may be protected from their ideas and beliefs, for speaking about Allaah without knowledge is mentioned alongside shirk in the Book of Allaah (Qur'an).
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : إن الله لا يقبض العلم انتزاعا ينتزعه من العباد ولكن يقبض العلم بقبض العلماء ؛ حتى إذا لم يبق عالما اتخذ الناسُ رءوسا جهالا فسءلوا فأفتوا يغير علم فضلوا وألضوا ۔“ رواه البخاري [100] و مسلم [2673]
The Prophet ﷺ said: "Allah will not take away knowledge by snatching it away from the people, rather He will take away knowledge by taking away the scholars until, when there is no scholar left, people will turn to ignorant leaders who will be asked questions and will issue fatwas without knowledge. They will go astray and lead others astray."
Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen رحمه الله was asked: If someone gives a fatwa to someone else, then after a while he checks the views of the scholars on this issue, and realises that his fatwa was wrong, what should he do? Is there any sin on him? We hope that you can advise us about this.
He رحمه الله replied: If his first fatwa was based on his own ijtihad (efforts to work out the correct ruling), and he was qualified to engage in ijtihad, then after researching and discussing the matter it became clear to him that his first ijtihad was wrong, then he does not have to do anything. The major scholars used to do that. You will find that one of them had several views regarding a single issue. But if his first fatwa was not based on knowledge or on ijtihad (making an effort to work it out), and was rather based on speculation, some kinds of speculation constitute sin, so it was haraam for him in the first place to issue a fatwa based on mere speculation or guessing, because if he did that, then he has spoken about Allah without knowledge, and speaking about Allah without knowledge is one of the gravest of sins, because Allah Ta'ala says:
قُلْ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّىَ ٱلْفَوَٰحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَٱلْإِثْمَ وَٱلْبَغْىَ بِغَيْرِ ٱلْحَقِّ وَأَن تُشْرِكُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِۦ سُلْطَٰنًا وَأَن تَقُولُوا۟ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم): "(But) the things that my Lord has indeed forbidden are Al-Fawâhish (great evil sins and every kind of unlawful sexual in*******se) whether committed openly or secretly, sins (of all kinds), unrighteous oppression, joining partners (in worship) with Allâh for which He has given no authority, and saying things about Allâh of which you have no knowledge." [Surah Al-A'raf, Ayah 33]
So he has to look for the person who asked him that question, so that he can tell him that his fatwa was wrong. If he does that, then I hope that Allah will turn in mercy to him.
Umar ibn al-Khattab رضي الله عنه said, "The people who follow their opinions are opponents of the Sunnah. They failed to memorize the prophetic traditions and they desired to be free from faltering and feeling ashamed when they are asked and they do not know, so they turned away from the Sunnah in favor of their opinions. Beware of them!" [l'lam Al-Muwaqi'een 1/44].
Shaykh Salih al-Fawzan حفظه الله said, "Speaking upon Allah without knowledge enters into 'lying upon Allah' since the speaker does not have the qualification to give religious verdicts and does not have Islamic knowledge nor understanding of Islamic rulings. So he says this is halal and that is haram without knowledge, rather he bases it on his own (ignorant) opinion. So if he does not have knowledge, he should remain silent. The companions and the great imams of the past would refrain from answering when asked, if the answer was not clear to them. and that did not decrease their status at all, rather it increased them in their virtue and position due to their desire to speak the truth only (or remain silent otherwise). You have the famous story of Imam Malik رحمه الله) who was asked forty questions, and the person who was asking had travelled a long distance (from another country) to ask, so Imam Malik only answered four of the questions and said "I do not know" for the other thirty-six. So the man said to him: "I have come from a long distance, I have tired out my riding animal, (my people sent me to ask you specifically), and you say "I don't know!" Imam Malik رحمه الله replied, "Yes, mount your riding animal and return to your country and tell them, I asked Malik and he said l don't know." The statement of Imam Malik raised his rank amongst the people, such that we still mention this event to this day as an honour to Imam Malik رحمه الله, since he would not speak except with knowledge. Hence a person does not 'guess' thinking that the alternative will degrade him if he says, "I don't know."
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says,
وَلَا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِۦ عِلْمٌۚ إِنَّ ٱلسَّمْعَ وَٱلْبَصَرَ وَٱلْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْـُٔولًا
And follow not (O man i.e., say not, or do not or witness not) that of which you have no knowledge.[1] Verily! The hearing, and the sight, and the heart, of each of those one will be questioned (by Allâh). [Surah Al-Isra', Ayah 36]
.فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ ٱفْتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًا لِّيُضِلَّ ٱلنَّاسَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ .Then who does more wrong than one who invents a lie against Allâh, to lead mankind astray without knowledge. Certainly Allâh guides not the people who are Zâlimûn (polytheists and wrong-doers)." [Surah Al-An'am, Part of Ayah 144]