10/09/2024
The only passenger whaleback ship built right here in West Superior!
The whaleback Christopher Columbus with the logo and lettering of the World’s Fair Steamship Co. on its bow, circa 1893 (Image Source: University of Wisconsin Madison Libraries Digital Collection – The Great Lakes Maritime History Project).
The date, location and name of the photographer are not included in the collection notes for the image Based on the history of the vessel, it was taken circa 1893. The photograph is from the collection of the Wisconsin Marine Historical Society. of Milwaukee, Wis.
Additional Historical Information
Launched in 1893, the Christopher Columbus was built in West Superior, Wis. by the American Steel Barge Co. for the World’s Fair Steamship Co. of Chicago, Ill. The 362-foot vessel (LOA) was the only whaleback designed solely for use in passenger service.
The ship was initially used to shuttle people between downtown Chicago and the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, also known as the Chicago World’s Fair. Located on a 630-acre site on the city’s south side, the event attracted an average of 150,000 visitors per day.
During the Exposition’s six-month run, the Columbus reportedly carried over two million passengers, including 6,300 people on one run. When the event ended on Oct. 30, 1893, the vessel was transferred to the Columbian Whaleback Steamship Co. of New York, N.Y.
From 1894 to 1897, the ship was chartered by the Harrison Line of Chicago and operated in the excursion trade between Chicago and Milwaukee, Wis. It was sold to the Chicago & Milwaukee Steamship Co. of Milwaukee in 1898.
The whaleback was then chartered by the Goodrich Transportation Co. of Chicago. For the next 30 plus years, the vessel continued to operate in the excursion trade between Chicago and Milwaukee. It soon became known as the “Marriage Ship of the Lakes.”
During 1902 sailing season, the ship made 72 round trips between the two cities and carried 18,500 passengers. It was sold to Goodrich Transportation in 1909. On June 30, 1917, the vessel collided with a shore-side water tower on the Milwaukee River.
The whaleback was being turned by a tug at the time of the incident. Its superstructure partially collapsed onto its forward deck leading to the loss of 16 lives. The vessel was repaired at Manitowoc, Wis., and returned to service in 1918.
In 1930, Goodrich Transportation declared bankruptcy and went into receivership. After the end of the 1932 sailing season, the ship was laid up at Manitowoc. It was purchased at auction by William F. Price of Chicago in 1933 but remained in layup.
The whaleback continued to be laid up in Manitowoc after it was sold to the Chriscarala Corp. of Duluth, Minn. in 1934. Two years later, the vessel was sold for scrap and dismantled at Manitowoc by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co.
A number of artifacts salvaged from the Christopher Columbus later became part of the permanent collection of the Wisconsin Maritime Museum in Manitowoc.
Information Sources:
https://greatlakes.bgsu.edu/item/434499
https://greatlakeships.org/2904877/data?n=2
https://greatlakeships.org/3648383/data?n=1
https://www.greatlakesvesselhistory.com/histories-by-name/c/christopher-columbus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World’s_Columbian_Exposition
https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/world-s-columbian-exposition-of-1893/